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mic4685 3a spak superswitcher? buck regulator superswitcher is a trademark of micrel, inc micrel inc. ? 2180 fortune drive ? san jose, ca 95131 ? usa ? tel +1 ( 408 ) 944-0800 ? fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 ? http://www.micrel.com january 2010 1 m9999-012610 general description the mic4685 is a high-efficien cy 200khz stepdown (buck) switching regulator. power conversion efficiency of above 85% is easily obtainable for a wide variety of applications. the mic4685 achieves 3a of continuous current in the 7-pin spak package. the thermal performance of t he spak allows it to replace to-220s and to-263s (d 2 paks) in many applications. the spak saves board space with a 36% smaller footprint than to-263. high-ef ciency is maintained over a wide output current range by utilizing a boost capacitor to increase the voltage available to saturate the internal power switch. as a result of this high-ef ciency, only the ground plane of the pcb is needed for a heat sink. the mic4685 allows for a high degree of safety. it has a wide input voltage range of 4v to 30v (34v transient), allowing it to be used in applications where input voltage transients may be present. built-in safety features include over-current protection, frequency-foldback short-circuit protection, and thermal shutdown. the mic4685 is available in a 7-pin spak package with a junction temperature range of ?40c to +125c. data sheets and support documentation can be found on micrel?s web site at www.micrel.com. features ? low 2mm pro le spak package ? 3a continuous output current ? wide 4v to 30v input voltage range (34v transient) ? fixed 200khz pwm operation ? over 85% ef ciency ? output voltage adjustable to 1.235v ? all surface mount solution ? internally compensated with fast transient response ? over-current protection ? frequency foldback short-circuit protection ? thermal shutdown applications ? point-of-load power supplies ? simple high-ef ciency step-down regulators ? 5v to 3.3v/2a conversion ? 12v to 5v/3.3v/2.5v/1.8v 3a conversion ? dual-output 5v conversion ? base stations ? lcd power supplies ? battery chargers ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ typical application bs in 1 6 3 4, tab 2 5 sw fb en gnd mic4685_r c bs 0.33f/50v c in 33f 35v c out 330f 6.3v d1 3a 40v r1 3.01k r2 6.49k l1 39mh v in 8v to 30v v out 1.8v/3a 1.8v output converter
micrel, inc. mic4685 january 2010 2 m9999-012610 ordering information part number standard rohs compliant* voltage junction temp. range package mic4685br MIC4685WR adj. ?40 to +125c 7-pin spak MIC4685WR ev adj. evaluation board * rohs compliant with ?high-melting solder? exemption. pin configuration 7nc 6sw 5en 4gn d 3fb 2in 1bs 7-pin spak (r) pin description pin number pin name pin function 1 bs bootstrap voltage node (external component): connect to external boost capacitor. 2 in supply (input): unregulated +4v to 30v supply voltage (34v transient) 3 fb feedback (input): outback voltage feed back to regulator. connect to 1.235v tap of resistive divider. 4, tab gnd ground 5 en enable (input): logic high = enable; logic low = shutdown 6 sw switch (output): emitter of npn output switch. connect to external storage inductor and schottky diode. 7 nc no connect. tie this pin-to-ground.
micrel, inc. mic4685 january 2010 3 m9999-012610 detailed pin description switch (sw, pin 6) the switch pin is tied to the emitter of the main internal npn transistor. this pin is biased up to the input voltage, minus the v sat , of the main npn pass element. the emitter is also driven negative when the output inductor?s magnetic eld collapses at turn-o ff. during the off time, the sw pin is clamped by the output schottky diode typically to a ?0.5v. ground (gnd, pin 4, tab) there are two main areas of concern when it comes to the ground pin, emi and ground current. in a buck regulator or any other non-isolated switching regulator, the output capacitor(s) and diode(s) ground is referenced back to the switching regulator?s or controller?s ground pin. any resistance between these reference points causes an offset voltage/ir drop proportional to load current and poor load regulation. this is why it?s important to keep the output grounds placed as close as possible to the switching regulator?s ground pin. to keep radiated emi to a minimum, it is necessary to place the input capacitor ground lead as close as possible to the switching regulator?s ground pin. input voltage (v in , pin 2) the v in pin is the collector of the main npn pass element. this pin is also connected to the internal regulator. the output diode or clamping diode should have its cathode as close as possible to this point to avoid voltage spikes adding to the voltage across the collector. bootstrap (bs, pin 1) the bootstrap pin, in conjunction with the external bootstrap capacitor, provides a bias voltage higher than the input voltage to the mic4685?s main npn pass element. the bootstrap capacito r sees the dv/dt of the switching action at the sw pin as an ac voltage. the bootstrap capacitor then couples the ac voltage back to the bs pin, plus the dc offset of v in where it is recti ed and used to provide additional drive to the main switch; in this case, a npn transistor. this additional drive reduces the npn?s saturation voltage and increases ef ciency, from a v sat of 1.8v, and 75% ef ciency to a v sat of 0.5v and 88% ef ciency respectively. feedback (fb, pin 3) the feedback pin is tied to the inverting side of an error ampli er. the noninverting side is tied to a 1.235v bandgap reference. an external resistor voltage divider is required from the output-to-groun d, with the center tied to the feedback pin. see tables 1 and 2 for recommended resistor values. enable (en, pin 5) the enable (en) input is used to turn on the regulator and is ttl compatible. note: connect the enable pin to the input if unused. a logic-high enables the regulator. a logic- low shuts down the regulator and reduces the stand-by quiescent input current to typically 150a. the enable pin has an up-per threshold of 2.0v minimum and lower threshold of 0.8v maximum. t he hysterisis provided by the upper and lower thresholds acts as an uvlo and prevents unwanted turn on of the regulator due to noise.
micrel, inc. mic4685 january 2010 4 m9999-012610 absolute maximum ratings (1) supply voltage (v in ) (1) .................................................+34v enable voltage (v en )......................................... ?0.3v to v in steady-state output switch voltage (v sw ) .......... ?1v to v in feedback voltage (v fb ) ...............................................+12v storage temperature (t s ) .........................?65c to +150c eds rating (3) .................................................................. 2kv operating ratings (2) supply voltage (v in ) (4) ..................................... +4v to +30v junction temperature (t j ) ........................ ?40c to +125c package thermal resistance spak-7 ( ja ) ...................................................11. 8c/w spak-7 ( jc ).....................................................2. 2c/w electrical characteristics v in = v en = 12v; v out 5v; i out = 500ma; t a = 25c, bold values indicate ?40c< t j < +125c, unless noted. parameter condition min typ max units mic4685 [adjustable] (2%) (3%) 1.210 1.198 1.235 1.260 1.272 v v feedback voltage 8v v in 30v, 0.1a i load 1a, v out = 5v, note 4 1.186 1.173 1.235 1.284 1.297 v v feedback bias current 50 na maximum duty cycle v fb = 1.0v 94 % v in = 30v, v en = 0v, v sw = 0v 5 500 a output leakage current v in = 30v, v en = 0v, v sw = 1v 1.4 20 ma quiescent current v fb = 1.5v 6 12 ma bootstrap drive current v fb = 1.5v, v sw = 0v 250 380 ma bootstrap voltage i bs = 10ma, v fb = 1.5v, v sw = 0v 5.5 6.2 v frequency fold back v fb = 0v 30 70 120 khz oscillator frequency 180 200 225 khz saturation voltage i out = 1a 0.59 v short circuit current limit v fb = 0v, see test circuit 3.5 6 a shutdown current v en = 0v 150 200 a enable input logic level regulator on 2 v regulator off 0.8 v enable pin input current v en = 0v (regulator off) 16 50 a v en = 0v (regulator on) ?1 ?0.83 ma thermal shutdown @ t j 160 c notes: 1. exceeding the absolute maxi mum rating may damage the device. 2. the device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 3. devices are esd sensitive. handling precautions recommended. human body model, 1.5k ? in series with 100pf. 4. 2.5v of headroom is required between v in and v out . the headroom can be reduced by implementing a bootstrap diode as seen on the 5v to 3.3v circuit on page 1.
micrel, inc. mic4685 january 2010 5 m9999-012610 test circuit sw 68h i vin bs fb en device unde r te s t +12v 3 gnd 4, tab 1 6 2 5 current limit test circuit shutdown input behavior on off 0.8v 1.25v 0v 1.4v v in(max) 2v enable hysteresis
micrel, inc. mic4685 january 2010 6 m9999-012610 typical characteristics (ta = 25c unless otherwise noted) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 2 4 6 8 101214161820 ) a m ( t n e r r u c p a r t s t o o b input voltage (v) bootstrap drive current vs. input voltage v in = 12v v fb = 1.5v 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 ) % ( y c n e i c i f f e output current (a) efficienc y vs. output current standard configuration v out = 5.0v v in = 8v v in = 12v v in = 30v 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 ) % ( y c n e i c i f f e output current (a) efficiency vs. output current standard configuration v out = 1.8v v in = 8v v in = 12v v in = 24v v in = 30v 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 ) % ( y c n e i c i f f e output current (a) efficiency vs. output current bootstrap configuration v out = 1.8v v in = 5v v in = 12v v in = 16v 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 ) % ( e l c y c y t u d input voltage (v) minimum duty cycle vs. input voltage v out = 1.8v 5.7 5.8 5.9 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 ) a m ( t n e r r u c t u p n i input voltage (v) quiescent current vs. input voltage v en = 5v
micrel, inc. mic4685 january 2010 7 m9999-012610 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.20 0 6 - 0 4 - 0 2 - 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 4 1 s t n i o p p i r t d l o h s e r h t temperature ( c) enable threshold vs. temperature upper threshold lower threshold v in = 12v v out = 5v i out = 100ma 1.198 1.208 1.218 1.228 1.238 1.248 1.258 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100120140 ) v ( e g a t l o v k c a b d e e f temperature ( c) feedback voltage vs. temperature i out = 10ma v in = 12v v out = 1.8v 1.205 1.210 1.215 1.220 1.225 1.230 1.235 1.240 1.245 1.250 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 ) v ( e g a t l o v k c a b d e e f input voltage (v) feedback voltage vs. input voltage i out = 10ma v out = 1.8v
micrel, inc. mic4685 january 2010 8 m9999-012610 typical safe operating area (soa) (soa measured on the mic4685 evaluation board*) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 ) a ( t n e r r u c t u p t u o input voltage (v) typical 5v output so a standard configuration t a = 25c t j = 125c d = max t a = 60c t j = 125c d = max typical 3.3v output so a 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 ) a ( t n e r r u c t u p t u o input voltage (v) typical 1.8v output soa standard configuration t a = 60c t j = 125c d = max t a = 25c t j = 125c d = max typical 2.5v output so a typical 5.0v output soa typical 3.3v output soa typical 2.5v output soa typical 1.8v output soa * i out <3a, d1: diode inc. b340 (3a/40v) i out <3a, d1: sbm1040 (10a/40v)
micrel, inc. mic4685 january 2010 9 m9999-012610 functional characteristics frequency foldback the mic4685 folds the switching frequency back during a hard short circuit condition to reduce the energy per cycle and protect the device.
micrel, inc. mic4685 january 2010 10 m9999-012610 functional diagram sw fb r1 r2 c out v in in v out mic4685 internal regulator bootstrap charger enable 200khz oscillator thermal shutdown reset current limit com- parator error amp driver 1.235v bandgap reference vv r1 r2 1 r1 r2 v v ?1 v 1.235v out ref out ref ref =+ ? ? ? ? ? ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? = figure 1. adjustable regulator functional description the mic4685 is a variable duty cycle switch-mode regulator with an internal power switch. refer to the above block diagram. supply voltage the mic4685 operates from a +4v to +30v (34v transient) unregulated input. highest ef ciency operation is from a supply voltage around +12v. see the ef ciency curves in the ? typical characteristics ? section on page 5. enable/shutdown the enable (en) input is ttl compatible. tie the input high if unused. a logic-high enables the regulator. a logic-low shuts down the internal regulator which reduces the current to typically 150a when v en = 0v. feedback in the adjustable version, an external resistive voltage divider is required from the output voltage to ground, center tapped to the fb pin. see table 1 and table 2 for recommended resistor values. duty cycle control a xed-gain error ampli er compares the feedback signal with a 1.235v bandgap voltage reference. the resulting error ampli er output voltage is compared to a 200khz sawtooth waveform to produce a voltage controlled variable duty cycle output. a higher feedback voltage increases the error ampli er output voltage. a higher error ampli er voltage (comparator inverting input) causes the comparator to detect only the peaks of the sawtooth, reducing the duty cycle of the comparator output. a lower feedback voltage increases the duty cycle. the mic4685 uses a voltage- mode control architecture. output switching when the internal switch is on, an increasing current ows from the supply v in , through external storage inductor l1, to output capacitor c out and the load. energy is stored in the inductor as the current increases with time. when the internal switch is turned off, the collapse of the magnetic eld in l1 forces current to ow through fast recovery diode d1, charging c out . output capacitor external output capacitor c out provides stabilization and reduces ripple. return paths during the on portion of the cycle, the output capacitor and load currents return to t he supply ground. during the off portion of the cycle, current is being supplied to the output capacitor and load by storage inductor l1, which means that d1 is part of the high-current return path.
micrel, inc. mic4685 january 2010 11 m9999-012610 application information adjustable regulators adjustable regulators require a 1.235v feedback signal. recommended voltage-divider resistor values for common output voltages are detailed in table 1. for other voltages, the resistor values can be determined using the following formulas: ? ? ? ? ? ? + = 1 r2 r1 v v ref out ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? = 1 v v r2 r1 ref out v ref = 1.235v thermal considerations the mic4685 is capable of high current due to the thermally optimized spak package. one limitation of the maximum output current on any mic4685 design is the junc tion-to-ambient thermal resistance ( ja ) of the design (package and ground plane). examining ja in more detail: ja = ( jc + ca ) where: jc = junction-to-case thermal resistance ca = case-to-ambient thermal resistance jc is a relatively constant 2.2c/w for a 7-pin spak. ca is dependent upon layout and is primarily governed by the connection of pins 4, and tab to the ground plane. the purpose of the ground plane is to function as a heat sink. checking the maximum junction temperature: for this example, with an output power (p out ) of 7.5w, (5v output at 1.5a with v in = 12v) and 60c maximum ambient temperature, what is the junction temperature? referring to the ?typical characteristics: 5v output ef ciency? graph, read the ef ciency ( ) for 1.5a output current at v in = 12v or perform you own measurement. = 84% the ef ciency is used to determine how much of the output power (p out ) is dissipated in the regulator circuit (p d ). out out d p p p ? = w 5 . 7 0.84 7.5w p d ? = p d = 1.43w a worst-case rule of thumb is to assume that 80% of the total output power dissipation is in the mic4685 (p d(ic) ) and 20% is in the diode-inductor-capacitor circuit. p d(ic) = 0.8 p d p d(ic) = 0.8 1.43w p d(ic) = 1.14w calculate the worst-case junction temperature: t j = p d(ic) jc + (t c ? t a ) + t a(max) where: t j = mic4685 junction temperature p d(ic) = mic4685 power dissipation jc = junction-to-case thermal resistance. the jc for the mic4685?s 7-pin spak is approximately 2.2c/w. t c = ?pin? temperature measurement taken at the tab. t a = ambient temperature t a(max) = maximum ambient operating temp- erature for the speci c design. calculating the maximum junction temperature given a maximum ambient temperature of 60c: t j = 1.14 2.2c + (46c ? 25c) + 60c t j = 83.5c this value is within the allowable maximum operating junction temperature of 125c as listed in ?operating ratings.? typical thermal shutdown is 160c and is listed in ?electrical characteristics.? also refer to the ?typical safe operating area (soa)? graphs in this document.
micrel, inc. mic4685 january 2010 12 m9999-012610 layout considerations layout is very important when designing any switching regulator. rapidly changing currents, through the printed circuit board traces and stray inductance, can generate voltage transients which can cause problems. to minimize stray inductance and ground loops, keep trace lengths as short as pos sible. for example, keep d1 close to pin 6 and pin 4, and tab, keep l1 away from sensitive node fb, and keep c in close to pin 2 and pin 4, and tab. see ? applications information: thermal considerations ? for ground plane layout. the feedback pin should be kept as far way from the switching elements (usually l1 and d1) as possible. a circuit with sample layouts are provided. see figure 6. gerber les are available upon request. bootstrap diode the bootstrap diode provides an external bias source directly to the main pass element, this reduces v sat thus allowing the mic4685 to be used in very low head-room applications i.e., 5v in to 3.3v out with high ef ciencies. bootstrap diode not for use if v in exceeds 16v, v in . see figure 2. load bs l1 39h in fb gnd c out r1 r2 d1 v out mic4685_r gnd c in v in +4v to +30v (34v transient) 7-pin spak 4, tab 3 1 2 sw en 6 5 4, tab figure 2. critical traces for layout
micrel, inc. mic4685 january 2010 13 m9999-012610 recommended components for a given output voltage (b ootstrap configuration) v out i out * r1 r2 v in c1 d1 d2 l1 c4 5.0v 2.1a 3.01k 976 ? 7.5v ? 16v 47f, 20v vishay-dale 595d476x0020d2t 3a, 30v schottky + vishay b330a 1a, 20v schottky b120-e3 39h sumida cdrh127r-390mc 330f, 6.3v vishay-dale 594d337x06r3d2t 3.3v 2.2a 3.01k 1.78k 6.0v ? 16v 47f, 20v vishay-dale 595d476x0020d2t 3a, 30v schottky b330a 1a, 20v schottky b120-e3 39h sumida cdrh127r-390mc 330f, 6.3v vishay-dale 594d337x06r3d2t 2.5v 2.0a 3.01k 2.94k 5.0v ? 16v 47f, 20v vishay-dale 595d476x0020d2t 3a, 30v schottky b330a 1a, 20v schottky b120-e3 39h sumida cdrh127r-390mc 330f, 6.3v vishay-dale 594d337x06r3d2t 1.8v 2.0a 3.01k 6.49k 5.0v ? 16v 47f, 20v vishay-dale 595d476x0020d2t 3a, 30v schottky + vishay b330a 1a, 20v schottky b120-e3 39h sumida cdrh127r-390mc 330f, 6.3v vishay-dale 594d337x06r3d2t * maximum output current at minimum input voltage. see soa curves for maximum output current vs. input voltage. table 1. recommended components for common output voltages sw l1 39h in fb gnd en d1 b330a or ss33 j2 v out j4 gnd u1 mic4685_r c2 0.1f 50v c1 47f 20v j1 v in d2 mbrx120 1a/20v j3 gnd jp3 4, tab 3 bs 1 6 2 5 on off c5 330f 6.3v c4* optional c7 0.1f 50v c3 0.33f 50v r1 r2 * c4 can be used to provide additional stability and improved transient response. note: optimized for 5v out figure 3. schematic diagram
micrel, inc. mic4685 january 2010 14 m9999-012610 recommended components fo r a given output voltage (standard configuration) v out i out * r1 r2 v in c1 d1 l1 c5 5.0v 2.0a 3.01k 976 ? 8v ? 30v 33f, 35v vishay-dale 595d336x0035r2t 3a, 40v schottky b340a-e3 39h sumida cdrh127-390mc 330f, 6.3v vishay-dale 594d337x06r3d2t 3.3v 2.4a 3.01k 1.78k 8v ? 26v 33f, 35v vishay-dale 595d336x0035r2t 3a, 40v schottky b340a-e3 39h sumida cdrh127-390mc 330f, 6.3v vishay-dale 594d337x06r3d2t 2.5v 2.35a 3.01k 2.94k 7v ? 23v 33f, 35v vishay-dale 595d336x0035r2t 3a, 40v schottky b340a-e3 39h sumida cdrh127-390mc 330f, 6.3v vishay-dale 594d337x06r3d2t 1.8v 2.0a 3.01k 6.49k 6v ? 16v 33f, 35v vishay-dale 595d336x0035r2t 3a, 40v schottky + vishay b340a-e3 39h sumida cdrh127-390mc 330f, 6.3v vishay-dale 594d337x06r3d2t * maximum output current at minimum input voltage. see soa curves for maximum output current vs. input voltage. table 2. recommended components for common output voltages sw l1 39h in fb gnd en d1 b340a j2 v out 2a j4 gnd u1 mic4685_r c2 0.1f 50v c1 33f 35v j1 v in (34v transient) j3 gnd 3 bs 1 6 2 5 on off c5 330f 6.3v c4* optional c7 0.1f 50v c3 0.33f 50v r1 3.01k r2 6.49k jp1a 1.8v r3 2.94k r4 1.78k r5 976w c6** jp1b 2.5v jp1c 3.3v jp1d 5.0v 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 * c4 can be used to provide additional stability and improved transient response. note: optimized for 5v out ** c6 optional *** d2 is not used for standard configuration and jp3 is open. d2*** b340 jp3 4, tab figure 4. evaluation board schematic diagram
micrel, inc. mic4685 january 2010 15 m9999-012610 printed circuit board figure 5a. top layer figure 5b. bottom layer
micrel, inc. mic4685 january 2010 16 m9999-012610 abbreviated bill of materials (critical components) item part number manufacturer description qty. c1 594d336x0035r2t vishay sprague (1) 33f 35v 1 c2, c7 vj0805y104kxaab vitramon 0.1f 50v 2 grm426x7r334k50 murata (5) 0.33f, 50v ceramic capacitor c3 vj1206y334kxaat vishay (1) 0.33f, 50v ceramic capacitor c4* optional 1800pf, 50v ceramic 1 c5 594d337x06r3d2t vishay sprague (1) 330f, 6.3v, tantalum 1 b340a diode inc (2) schottky 3a 40v 1 b340la-ea vishay (1) schottky 3a 40v 1 ssa34a vishay (1) schottky 3a 40v 1 d1 b340a vishay (1) schottky 3a 40v 1 b120-ea vishay (1) schottky 3a 40v 1 b340a diode inc (2) schottky 3a 40v d2 mbrx120 micro commercial component (4) schottky 1a 20v 1 l1 cdrh127-390mc sumida (3) 39h 1 r1 crcw08053011fkey3 vishay (1) 3k01, 1%, 1/10w, 805 1 r2 crcw08056491fkey3 vishay (1) 6k49, 1%, 1/10w, 805 1 r3 crcw08052941fkey3 vishay (1) 2k94, 1%, 1/10w, 805 1 r4 crcw08051781fkey3 vishay (1) 1k78, 1%, 1/10w, 805 1 r5 crcw08051781fkey3 vishay (1) 976 ? , 1%, 1/10w, 805 1 u1 mic4685br/wr micrel, inc. (6) 3a 200khz spak buck regulator 1 notes: 1. vishay sprague, inc.: www.vishay.com 2. diodes inc.: www.diodes.com 3. sumida: www.sumida.com 4. micro commercial component: www.mccsemi.com 5. murata: www.murata.com 6. micrel, inc.: www.website.com
micrel, inc. mic4685 january 2010 17 m9999-012610 package information 7-spak (r) micrel, inc. 2180 fortune drive san jose, ca 95131 usa tel +1 (408) 944-0800 fax +1 (408) 474-1000 web http://www.micrel.com the information furnished by micrel in this data sheet is belie ved to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is a ssumed by micrel for its use. micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. micrel products are not designed or authori zed for use as components in life support app liances, devices or systems where malfu nction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in pers onal injury. life support devices or system s are devices or systems that (a) are in tended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significan t injury to the user. a purchaser?s use or sale of micrel produc ts for use in life support app liances, devices or systems is a purchaser?s own risk and purchaser agrees to fully indemnify micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. ? 2004 micrel, incorporated.

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